Malnutrition in adults doesn’t always mean someone is thin or visibly unhealthy. It can sneak in quietly and affect people across all body types and lifestyles.
Some of the most common signs and symptoms include:
Adults with malnutrition may experience unintended weight loss, especially over a short period of time. This can be one of the first warning signs, often missed or attributed to aging or stress.
Chronic fatigue and weakness are also common as the body lacks the fuel and nutrients it needs to function efficiently. Over time, individuals may lose muscle mass and fat, which can result in a frail appearance and reduced strength or mobility.
Another red flag is poor wound healing — cuts, bruises, or sores may take longer to improve, and the body may become more prone to infections due to a weakened immune system. In some cases, swelling or edema (fluid retention) may develop, especially when protein levels are extremely low.
Physical changes may also appear gradually, such as dry or thinning hair, brittle nails, and dry, flaky skin. Beyond the physical symptoms, cognitive changes like confusion, forgetfulness, or difficulty concentrating can also be signs of malnutrition, particularly in older adults. These symptoms can greatly impact quality of life and increase the risk of complications if left unaddressed.
Even if someone eats enough food, they may still suffer from micronutrient malnutrition — a lack of essential vitamins and minerals that the body needs in small but crucial amounts.
This form of malnutrition often flies under the radar because it doesn’t always cause dramatic symptoms right away. However, its long-term impact can be serious.
Some of the most common deficiencies in adults include:
Unlike macronutrient malnutrition, micronutrient issues may not cause immediate weight changes, making them harder to detect. But over time, they weaken the body and increase the risk of chronic illnesses, impaired mental function, and decreased resilience to stress or illness.